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The story of the ''[[Touhou Project]]'' drastically changed with the advent of the [[Windows]] era. While the series kept the name "Touhou Project", [[ZUN]] stated that it was a "clean sweep", with the current setting of the Touhou Project coming together for the first time in ''[[Embodiment of Scarlet Devil]]''. Hence, no PC-98 [[character]] has reappeared in a Windows game except for [[Reimu Hakurei]], [[Marisa Kirisame]], [[Alice Margatroid]] and [[Yuuka Kazami]]. There's been no information about [[Mima]] in the Windows era, but [[ZUN]] has mentioned in at least 2 interviews that [[Genjii]] is "probably still living in the lake behind the shrine"<ref name="MU talkshow DoT">[[Meiji University talkshow "Dawn of Touhou"]]</ref><ref name="ZUN's Genyou Denshou Lecture">[http://www.gensokyo.org/archives/92#more-92 Notes on ZUN's Genyou Denshou Lecture]</ref>.  
The story of the ''[[Touhou Project]]'' drastically changed with the advent of the [[Windows]] era. While the series kept the name "Touhou Project", [[ZUN]] stated that it was a "clean sweep", with the current setting of the Touhou Project coming together for the first time in ''[[Embodiment of Scarlet Devil]]''. Hence, no PC-98 [[character]] has reappeared in a Windows game except for [[Reimu Hakurei]], [[Marisa Kirisame]], [[Alice Margatroid]] and [[Yuuka Kazami]]. There's been no information about [[Mima]] in the Windows era, but [[ZUN]] has mentioned in at least 2 interviews that [[Genjii]] is "probably still living in the lake behind the shrine"<ref name="MU talkshow DoT">[[Meiji University talkshow "Dawn of Touhou"]]</ref><ref name="ZUN's Genyou Denshou Lecture">[http://www.gensokyo.org/archives/92#more-92 Notes on ZUN's Genyou Denshou Lecture]</ref>.  


As ZUN has previously referred to the world of PC-98 as a "study project" which could be ignored in light of the later contradictions of the Windows era, it is safe to consider the PC-98 and Windows canons as separate. While the Windows games are set in a time period which appears to be later & continuous with the events of PC-98, it is more accurate to consider them as alternate universes which coincidentally occupy adjacent time periods. The Windows universe is a reimagining & reboot of the PC-98 universe, with no actual connection in time or space. Despite the numerous names, events, roles, personalities & relationships copied to the Windows universe, similarities in the Windows era should be considered as tributes towards PC-98. Some characters (i.e Reimu & Marisa) may resemble their original counterparts closely, while others may only share a few superficial traits & harbour stark differences. This lack of consistency means any Windows backstories theorised from PC-98 sources can only be considered as conjecture at best. For example, it is an open possibility that [[Alice]] never visited [[Makai]] in the Windows universe, despite the reintroduction of [[Makai]] in [[Unidentified Flying Object]].
As ZUN has previously referred to the world of PC-98 as a "study project" which could be ignored in light of the later contradictions of the Windows era, it is sensible to consider the PC-98 and Windows canons as separate. While the Windows games are set in a time period which appears to be later & continuous with the events of PC-98, it is more accurate to consider them as alternate universes which coincidentally occupy adjacent time periods. The Windows universe is a reimagining & reboot of the PC-98 universe, with no actual connection in time or space. Despite the songs, names, roles, personalities & relationships copied to the Windows universe, similarities to the Windows era should be considered as tributes towards PC-98. Some characters (i.e Reimu & Marisa) may resemble their original counterparts closely, while others may only share a few superficial traits & harbour stark differences. This lack of consistency means Windows backstories theorised from PC-98 sources can only be considered as conjecture at best. For example, it is an open possibility that [[Alice]] never visited [[Makai]] in the Windows universe, despite the reintroduction of [[Makai]] in [[Unidentified Flying Object]].


==Additional Information==
==Additional Information==

Revision as of 13:23, 14 November 2016

The NEC PC-9801 (PC-98 for short) is a series of personal computers developed by NEC, equipped with 16 and 32-bit Intel x86 CPUs. While outwardly similar to IBM's PC and compatibles, including the use of DOS, it was for the most part a proprietary architecture. It succeeded NEC's Z80-based PC-88 series computers.

The first five Touhou Project games, described with the term "PC-98", were developed for this platform. They're distinguished from "the Windows games" (the 6th Touhou game onwards) for having been distributed by Amusement Makers. Upon his graduation, subsequent employment and the release of Mystic Square, ZUN paused development of Touhou Project games. At the time when the PC-98 games were released, the PC-9801 series of computers were on the decline, facing increasing competition from the aforementioned IBM PC and compatibles. Because of this, the games weren't considered as well known.

On 19 September 2002, ZUN ceased sales and support for the games. Except for Highly Responsive to Prayers, it's still possible to download the trial versions of the games[1], but compared to the Windows games the circulation of the full versions is very limited, and it's extremely difficult to obtain them. Only 200 to 300 copies of Lotus Land Story were sold during the time of its release,[2] with Phantasmagoria of Dim.Dream selling fewer than half as many copies[3].

Games for this platform

System Details

ZUN targeted the PC-9821 series for these games, which included Intel 386 or faster processors. Various expansion cards could be installed in PC-98 systems, including more capable video or audio cards, but only the base hardware is required for the Touhou games. Said base hardware includes dual µPD7220 video display processors, one each for text and graphics. In graphics mode, they can display sprites with four 16-color palettes selected from 4026 possible colors.

ZUN specifies a 486 at 66MHz as the bare minimum for play, but suggests that even then the games may have issues with slowdown.

As for sound hardware, the PC-9801VX and many subsequent models came default with the PC-9801-26k soundcard. This includes the Yamaha YM2203 OPN FM synthesizer, providing three 4-operator FM synthesis channels plus the three channels of the integrated YM2149 SSG unit. Users could replace this with the PC-9801-86 soundcard with the much more capable YM2608 OPNA chip, doubling the amount of FM channels and adding a few other features. As such, the PC-98 games include two versions of their in-game music, made for either the three or six FM channel hardware. All of the music was programmed in MML with M. Kajihara's Professional Music Driver (PMD), except for Highly Responsive to Prayers which used Mdrv2 for the music driver. Story of Eastern Wonderland also supports outputting to a MIDI device.

ZUN subsequently released arranged versions of many of the music themes from the PC-98 games in MIDI format onto his old website. ZUN has stated in Akyu's Untouched Score vol.3 that he loves FM music and would continue to create FM music in the modern world.

Overview on the Touhouverse

Terminology

"PC-98" is a term used by the Western community to refer to the first 5 games of the Touhou Project. The Japanese community's equivalent is "Touhou old works" (東方旧作 Touhou kyuusaku) or more commonly "old works" (旧作 kyuusaku). ZUN has used both the Japanese and English terms interchangeably. These terms distinguish the older Touhou games from those created from the Embodiment of Scarlet Devil onwards. "Old Works" reflects the technologically inferior FM Synthesis music & 16-bit colour graphics used in the earlier games, as well as their simpler characterisation and storylines.

Setting

Unlike the Windows era of the Touhou Project, details of the PC-98 world were far more vague. Various sources suggested the games were set in "an Eastern Country" (but never explicitly Gensokyo), with statements from Highly Responsive to Prayers and Mystic Square respectively describing the world as "Strange" & "Human [inhabited]". Locations in the Eastern Country included Makai, the Human Village, the Fantasy World, Mugenkan, Reimaden as well as the recurring Hakurei Shrine. The world was inhabited by humans, youkai & demons. Similar to the Windows world, a shrine maiden named Reimu Hakurei (博麗靈夢) lives at the shrine, with her friend Marisa Kirisame visiting occasionally. In PC-98 only, Reimu's turtle Genji also lives at the shrine, along with Mima who haunts and torments visitors out of boredom. Like the Windows games, the PC-98 games begin with Reimu or another character going out to investigate & resolve incidents. However, there was no mention or use of the spell card rules in the PC-98 universe.

The story of the Touhou Project drastically changed with the advent of the Windows era. While the series kept the name "Touhou Project", ZUN stated that it was a "clean sweep", with the current setting of the Touhou Project coming together for the first time in Embodiment of Scarlet Devil. Hence, no PC-98 character has reappeared in a Windows game except for Reimu Hakurei, Marisa Kirisame, Alice Margatroid and Yuuka Kazami. There's been no information about Mima in the Windows era, but ZUN has mentioned in at least 2 interviews that Genjii is "probably still living in the lake behind the shrine"[4][5].

As ZUN has previously referred to the world of PC-98 as a "study project" which could be ignored in light of the later contradictions of the Windows era, it is sensible to consider the PC-98 and Windows canons as separate. While the Windows games are set in a time period which appears to be later & continuous with the events of PC-98, it is more accurate to consider them as alternate universes which coincidentally occupy adjacent time periods. The Windows universe is a reimagining & reboot of the PC-98 universe, with no actual connection in time or space. Despite the songs, names, roles, personalities & relationships copied to the Windows universe, similarities to the Windows era should be considered as tributes towards PC-98. Some characters (i.e Reimu & Marisa) may resemble their original counterparts closely, while others may only share a few superficial traits & harbour stark differences. This lack of consistency means Windows backstories theorised from PC-98 sources can only be considered as conjecture at best. For example, it is an open possibility that Alice never visited Makai in the Windows universe, despite the reintroduction of Makai in Unidentified Flying Object.

Additional Information

  • It has been shown in an interview that ZUN still owns a PC-98 computer, on which he played Highly Responsive to Prayers for the first time in years. He felt nostalgic.
  • Since any software made for Windows 2000 or earlier can be run both on the IBM-compatible Windows 2000 and the PC-98 Windows 2000 without compatibility problems, technically all Touhou games up to at least Undefined Fantastic Object should be able to run on a PC-98 as long as the appropriate DirectX version is installed. However, since the last PC-98 system was released in 2000 (the PC-9821Ra43, which had a 433MHz Celeron, whereas the system requirements of the Embodiment of Scarlet Devil ask for a 500MHz Pentium) this is generally not viable in practice.

Fandom

  • Because PC-98 computers are no longer sold, many fans use an emulator to play these games on modern PCs. The emulators most commonly used for the PC-98 games are Anex86, T98-Next, and Neko Project 21 (for the latter it's advised to use the unofficial fmgen builds that're linked from here instead).
  • Many fans consider the PC-98 in general to be old or obsolete, to the extent that nowadays the PC-98 can give a bit of nostalgic feeling to some fans who strongly advocate the PC-98.
  • PC-98 characters are commonly shown in fanworks with the modern Windows era characters as though the two canons are connected.
  • There are FM Synthesis remixes of many of ZUN's creations that mimic the PC-98 style. One notable example is the album PC-98 Perfect Cherry Blossom. There's also artwork of modern Touhou characters drawn in the PC-98 style.

References