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Okina Matara: Difference between revisions

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==Background Information==
==Background Information==
===Name===
===Name===
Her full name is {{nihongo|''Okina Matara''|摩多羅 隠岐奈}}. The first kanji in ''Okina'', 隠 (''o''), means "hidden". 岐 (''ki'') could mean either "crossroads" or "theatre". 奈 (''na'') can refer to [[wikipedia:Naraka|Naraka]] (奈落), the Hindu and Buddhist version of hell (also known as ''Jigoku'' 地獄 in Japan), or to "the basement of a theatre". Altogether, Okina (隠岐奈) translates to something like "hidden hell theatre" or "hidden crossroads [in] hell/a theatre's basement". Additionally, Okina (隠岐奈) is homophonous to ''Okina'' (翁 lit. "old man"), the name of a [http://db2.the-noh.com/edic/2013/02/matarajin.html mask], used in [[wikipedia:Noh|Noh]], [[wikipedia:Kyogen|Kyogen]], and [[wikipedia:Sarugaku|Sarugaku]] performance. In some Japanese [[Buddhist]] religious performances, the mask represents a [http://www.lincolncenter.org/article/masks-of-noh god by the same name] often conflated with Matarajin. ''Matara'' (摩多羅) comes from the first three kanji of '''Matara'''jin ('''摩多羅'''神 lit. "god of matara") and is the Japanese transcription of the Sanskrit plural for mother, [[wiktionary:मात|mā́taraḥ (मातर)]]. Thus, the kanji in Matara/Matarajin have no real meaning besides to mimic the sounds of the foreign "mā́taraḥ". Matarajin contains the Sanskrit plural for mother in his name due to his association with several female deities including, but not limited to: the [[wikipedia:Dakini|dakini]], [[wikipedia:荼枳尼天|Dakiniten]], [[wikipedia:Benzaiten|Benzaiten]], [http://seesaawiki.jp/toho-motoneta_2nd/d/%C8%EB%B5%B7%A1%D6%E3%D2%C6%E1%A4%CE%B2%D0%A1%D7 Ena-Tenjin], [[wikipedia:Hariti|Hariti (Kishimojin)]], [[wikipedia:Mahakali|Mahakali]], [https://japanshrinestemples.blogspot.com/2017/08/chijin-earth-god.html?m=1 Kenro Jijin/Kenro Jiten (Prithvi)], and, mainly, the [[wikipedia:Matrikas|Saptamatara/Saptamatrika (Shichimoten)]].<ref>[http://www.kawade.co.jp/np/isbn/9784309224947] "闇の摩多羅神/Yami no Matarajin" by Minato Kawamura</ref><ref name="faure">[https://www.uhpress.hawaii.edu/title/protectors-and-predators-gods-of-medieval-japan-volume-2] "Protectors and Predators: Medieval Gods of Japan Volume 2" by Bernard Faure</ref><ref name="daikoku">[http://www.onmarkproductions.com/Daikokuten] "Daikokuten Iconography" by Mark Schumacher</ref>
Her full name is {{nihongo|''Okina Matara''|摩多羅 隠岐奈}}. The first kanji in ''Okina'', 隠 (''o''), means "hidden". 岐 (''ki'') could mean either "crossroads" or "theatre". 奈 (''na'') can refer to [[wikipedia:Naraka|Naraka]] (奈落), the Hindu and Buddhist version of hell (also known as ''Jigoku'' 地獄 in Japan), or to "the basement of a theatre". Altogether, Okina (隠岐奈) translates to something like "hidden hell theatre" or "hidden crossroads [in] hell/a theatre's basement". Additionally, Okina (隠岐奈) is homophonous to ''Okina'' (翁 lit. "old man"), the name of a [http://db2.the-noh.com/edic/2013/02/matarajin.html mask], used in [[wikipedia:Noh|Noh]], [[wikipedia:Kyogen|Kyogen]], and [[wikipedia:Sarugaku|Sarugaku]] performance. In some Japanese [[Buddhist]] religious performances, the mask represents a [http://www.lincolncenter.org/article/masks-of-noh god by the same name] often conflated with Matarajin. ''Matara'' (摩多羅) comes from the first three kanji of '''Matara'''jin ('''摩多羅'''神 lit. "god of matara") and is the Japanese transcription of the Sanskrit plural for mother, [[wiktionary:मातर|mā́taraḥ (मातर)]]. Thus, the kanji in Matara/Matarajin have no real meaning besides to mimic the sounds of the foreign "mā́taraḥ". Matarajin contains the Sanskrit plural for mother in his name due to his association with several female deities including, but not limited to: the [[wikipedia:Dakini|dakini]], [[wikipedia:荼枳尼天|Dakiniten]], [[wikipedia:Benzaiten|Benzaiten]], [http://seesaawiki.jp/toho-motoneta_2nd/d/%C8%EB%B5%B7%A1%D6%E3%D2%C6%E1%A4%CE%B2%D0%A1%D7 Ena-Tenjin], [[wikipedia:Hariti|Hariti (Kishimojin)]], [[wikipedia:Mahakali|Mahakali]], [https://japanshrinestemples.blogspot.com/2017/08/chijin-earth-god.html?m=1 Kenro Jijin/Kenro Jiten (Prithvi)], and, mainly, the [[wikipedia:Matrikas|Saptamatara/Saptamatrika (Shichimoten)]].<ref>[http://www.kawade.co.jp/np/isbn/9784309224947] "闇の摩多羅神/Yami no Matarajin" by Minato Kawamura</ref><ref name="faure">[https://www.uhpress.hawaii.edu/title/protectors-and-predators-gods-of-medieval-japan-volume-2] "Protectors and Predators: Medieval Gods of Japan Volume 2" by Bernard Faure</ref><ref name="daikoku">[http://www.onmarkproductions.com/Daikokuten] "Daikokuten Iconography" by Mark Schumacher</ref>


'''Okina's name in relation to the Oki Islands'''
'''Okina's name in relation to the Oki Islands'''
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